Exam-style Questions: Movement and Support in Animals
1. The diagram shows the appearance of a sarcomere from a relaxed muscle fibril, as seen with a light microscope.
a) Use your knowledge of the sliding filament hypothesis to explain the appearance of each of the bands P, Q and R.
b) Draw a similar diagram to show the appearance of the sarcomere when the fibril is contracted.
(Marks available: 4)
Answer outline and marking scheme for question: 1
Give yourself marks for mentioning any of the points below:
a) P - Actin.
Q - Actin + Myosin.
R - Myosin.
(3 marks)
b) Diagram with narrower P region and no/very thin R region.
(1 mark)
(Marks available: 4)
2. The drawing shows some of the main flight muscles of a locust.
a) What name is used to describe the action of a pair of muscles such as A and B?
b) Explain how the action of muscles A and B brings about movement of the wing.
(Marks available: 3)
Answer outline and marking scheme for question: 2
Give yourself marks for mentioning any of the points below:
a) Antagonistic.
(1 mark)
b) Muscle A contracts, pulls wing down.
Muscle B contracts, pulls wing up.
(2 marks)
(Marks available: 3)
3. Complete the table below (showing the differences between the three muscle types):
|
|
Muscle Type |
||
|
|
Skeletal |
Cardiac |
Smooth |
|
Function |
(a) |
(b) |
(c) |
|
Cell |
(d) |
(e) |
(f) |
|
Control of Contraction |
(g) |
(h) |
(i) |
|
Speed of contraction |
(j) |
(k) |
(l) |
(Marks available: 4)
Answer outline and marking scheme for question: 3
|
Muscle Type |
|||
|
Skeletal |
Cardiac |
Smooth |
|
|
Function |
Locomotion |
Pumping blood through heart |
Lines blood vessels |
|
Cell |
Striated |
Specialised striated |
Unstriated |
|
Control of Contraction |
Voluntary |
Involuntary |
Involuntary |
|
Speed of contraction |
Rapid |
Intermediate |
Slow |
(Marks available: 4)